Nozzle for ladles.



C. E. MICHAELS.

NOZZLE FOB.' LADLES. APPLICATION FILED JULY mi 1913 L 1,072,972. Patented sept. 9, 1913. 1F31 t To all lwhom it may concern.'

t use of special tools and then burned before the ladle can again detail of the retaining plate.

`State 0f UNITED srarns PATENT OFFICE.,

' cantas n. mamas, or mason, rsNNsYLvAma. NozzLE Fon. LADLES.

Be it known that I, CHARLES E. MICHAELS, a citizen of the United States residing at Wilson, in the county of Allegheny and Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Nozzles for Ladles';H and I do declare the fol` lowing to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same. i

This invention relates to metal founding, and more especially to ladies having an internal stopper; and the object of the same is to produce an improved nozzle for ladles of thls kind, with improved means for su portinlg it in the outlet opening of the ladle 1n' suc way that a cracked, burned-out, or leaky nozzle may be replaced by a new one with a few minutes work and without the or the em loyment of lire-clay which must be careflPilly packed be put into service. `This and other objects are carried out by constructing the device in the manner hereinafter more fully described and claimed, and as. shown in the drawings wherein Figure 1 is a section throughv the bottom, of the ladle showing this improved nozzle in place; Fig. 2 is -an enlarged section through the nozzle and that portion of the ladle immediately surrounding the same; Fig. 3 is a cross section on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a section similar to Fig. 2 excepting that in this case the retaining plate has not yet been applied and the nozzle is in the act ofA being put .into place. Fig. 5 is a cross section on the line 5 5 'of Fi 4; Fig. 6 is a vertical section similar to' ig. 4 excepting that the nozzle has been inserted as far as possible and' is here shown asheld in place by a retainer described below.; Figs. k7 and 8 are side elevations of the nozzle removed, these views showing itin two different positions; and Fig.v 9-is a cross section on the line 9-9 oi Fig. 7 Fig. 10 is fa In the drawings the letter L designates a ladle such as is ordinarily employed for pouring molten metal, the same having a steel shell S lined on its inte-rior with fire brick B, and the letter G designates an outlet opening through the brick and the shell Specification of Letterslatent.

Application died July 24, 1918. Serial No. 781,026.

opening at a roger point. In the use of ladles of t this 'n such openings are closed by la.

Patented within the ladle, and from time to' time the;y plug is lifted -oi' removed by mechanism forming no part of the present invention, so that a ortion of the molten' metal runs ont throng the nozzle and is used.- The intensea tubular nozzle whose bore is plugged from; I

heat of the metal in time burns the nozzle? so that the same becomes cracked, brokein and even perhaps pulverized, with the' result that it is no longer useful for retainin molten metal which latter leaks out o? thel .the'l opening'and aroundhor through thev nozzle z beneath the Plug vAssuming, however; that i 0E Occurs s0 frequently and in suc ampl e '1 the ladle is of snlilcient size and the ourl charges that the nozzle may be used'lm'til' the ladle is emptiedgit thenbecomes desir-"1V able to replace the nozzle before the ladle is filled again.. Crd-inarilythis operation involves considerable time and the services' of 'two or three workmen, and meanwhile of course the ladle is out of use and the total loss to the founder is considerable. y' The objectof the a nozzle which can be inserted in the out'- left,v opening and packed very q'uic.l1rly,f so,that` this loss tothe-founder will hef-,saved Va,`

. considerable extent.

Corning now to the details of the present inventioml prefer to form a recess l within the inner face of thefire brick B around the recess a magnesite block 2 having a dished u per face 3 converging fromfall sides of tile block downward to a central opening 4 which is somewhat smaller than they outlet .opening 0 in the ladlewall.

asiisdesired, whereas the shape of the outlet opening O through the ladle-wall is round as best seen in Fig. 5, and v my invention it is essential that'the outlet O be larger than the outlet opening 4 as will he seen. This block may be hel in position within'the'ire brickjB by any suitable means, although. additional elements or means for this the block to adhere fto the brick. VOne f-urther reason why I prefer to Vemploy this block is in order that the outlet opening l present invention is to produce outlet opening 0, and insert in-to'nsaid The shape of the opening 4 through the block maybe such in carrying out 10o purpose are hardly v y necessary as the intenseheat will soon cause through it may be well defined and that theopening O throughA the rej brick ma be somewhat-'protected from extreme eat. Through the shell 'S directly beneath said opening O I form a square opening 5 conac entric with the other openings above rev ing O. I

. ness of the fire brick, and this is importance in y. place it opening ferred to, and the longest diameter of this opening A1s equal to any diameter of the round opening O as seen in Fig. 3, with the 'result that four segmental shoulders 6 are4 produced on4 the 4inner -face of the shell around the opening 5 and Within the openhave spoken of the latter as an although it is in eifect a passage length equal nearly to the thicka matter of the present case. Secured to the shell around the opening 5fare fastening devices 7 herein shown as bolts whose headed ends stand u permost and whose threaded ends are at t e bottom and adapted 'tojreceive nuts 8 which support a retainer, herein shown in the sha e of a plate 9 having through it a round ho e 10 concentric with the holes above described, and whose 'diameter is equal to the shortest diameter of thev square opening 5.

The nozzle proper is best illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8, andis molded or formed as usual from fire 4clay or fire brick or any suitable vitreous material. Its upper poropening for 1t has a vvtion is square as at 12, beneath which 1t is shouldered as at 13 and its lower portion 1s rounded as at 14. Throughout its length it has a bore 15,. preferably enlarged or ared at'its upper end as at 16 into what might be called a mouth whose inlet end is by preference of the same size and shape as the 4 through the block 2. Passing ythrough the latter and seating on the mouth 16 is the plug, indicated by the letter P in Fig. 1, although present inventiom When the same is in y checks the outlet of molten metal through the block 2 and the bore lofthe nozzle,but when the plug is raised the metal can ow in .a manner well known to those familiar with this art.

With the parts as thus constructed, the insert-ion of a nozzle is efectedas follows:

,The retainer 9^having been removed and the old and worn-out'nozzle dug out and extract- P is withdrawn and' the ladle is empty.

ed, along with the packing which surrounds Vit, 'the entire ladle-is by preference turned on its trunnions (not shown in the drawings) so that the outlet opening or passage O stands horizontal or substantially so it being understood that at this time the p ug new nozzle is now passed upward, or rather horizontally inward, by insert-ing its squared end .12 through the square hole 5 in the shell S as seen in Fig. 4, and the nozzle is then borne inward until the inner extremity strikes against the block 2. Then it is given a one-eighth revolution within the opening' O which, as above stated, has a diameter 'equal tojthe longest diameter of said squared portion and therefore such revolution is perrnitted. This brings the ycorners of, the

this forms no part of the4 shoulders 13 behind the shoulders 6 formed around the square hole 5 in the shell S, so that the parts stand as seen in Fig. 2, and

yet the square opening 5 through the shellA S is not closed by the round portion 14 of the nozzle, as will be clear byv an inspection of Figs. 3 and 5. At this point I preferably make use of a supporting evice best seen in Fig. 6. This comprises an eye-bolt 20 whose stem passes through the block 2 and the nozzle, whose eye 21 is at its'upper or inner end and elongated laterally to such an extent thatit reaches across' the openino 4 as shown, and whose lower threaded enda 22 retains a hand nut 23 which in turn supports a washer 24 that rests against the -lower (outer) end of the nozzle. When this nut is turnedup tight the nozzle is pressed home so that its upper end is forced into close contact with the block 2, andthe step next to be described may now take place. I might here say that eventually the nut 23 .and washer 24 are detached, and a hook H is let down into the ladle L as indicated in Fig, 6 whereby this ent-ire device can' be withdrawn. I prefer the use of this supporting device, although it is not absolutely necessary with my invention, as it is quite possible to insert:A the nozzle and pack it as next to be described without the useof such a device at all. However, as above stated, this invention is designed to save time, and the insertion and removal of such a device occupy but a few moments and its use results in the proper application-of the nozzle under all c ircumstances so that it rarely if ever occurs that any leak will follow. By this I mean that a nozzle made of fire clay or other vitreous material While theoretically of the proper proportions, may sometimes be a litt-le short so that when its shoulder 13 rests on the shoulder 6 of the shell S the u per end does not always contact closely wlth'the lower face of the block 2; and if it were not possible to quickly chip off a por'- tion of the shoulder 13 so as to make itfit within the passage O, a nozzle which was too long could not be used. Furthermore this supporting device performs the function of holding the nozzle strictly centered throughout the length of the opening O and with its mouth 16 registering with the opening 4 through the block 2, and for these various reasons I prefer to use the device.

The next step in the operation is to pack the space within and throughout the length of the opening O and around the squared portion 12 of the nozzle, and this may be done with my invention by the use of sand same need not be moistened at all and therefore does not require the subsequent use of gas or any other blaze to `set it in position.

Attention is directed to the fact that. thisA is an important feature. ofJmy invention and thereby absolutely neva-,sta

saves both time and expense. The packing is indicated by the numeral 25, and, on the assumption 'that it is sand', it is passed through the corners of the square opening 5 in the shell S and assu-mes the ition shown in Figs. 3 and 6. After the packing 25 has been put into place, the plate 9 is applied and the nuts 8 engaged with the bolts 7 (if nuts and bolt-s be employed for holding said plate in place) and the packing is prevented from becoming lost out. The nu 23 and washer 24 are then removed as above suggested, and a. hook H passed in so that the fastening device can be wholly withdrawn. The ladle L is then righted, a plug P let down into the opening 4 andthe mouth 16 of the bore of. the nozzle, and the ladle is ready for renewed use.

Experience has shown that I can. remove' a useless nozzle and replace it by a new one' thoroughly packed so that there will be no leak of the molten material .in fromA ten to lifteen minutes, and the entire work can be done by one man. By the present method it requires the services of two men, and the eX- change cannot be effected in less than onehalf an hour. I do not wish to be confined strictly to the details of construction above set forth, and the materials and proport-ions of parts are obviously not essential to the successful operation ofV this' invention.

What is claimed as new is:

1. A ladle comprising a shell with a lirebrick lining, the latter having through it a round outlet opening and the shell having through it a square opening concentric with that in the lining and whose longest diameter equals the diameter of said round opening; combined with a nozzle having a squared upper portion adapted to be passed through said square opening and a round lower portion -whose' diameter corresponds with the smallest diameter of said square opening.

2. A ladle comprising a shell with a firebrick lining, the latter having through it a round outlet opening and the shell having through it a square opening concentric with that in the lining and whose longest diameter equals the diameter of said round opening; combined with a block over the inner end of theopcning through said brick and having through it an opening concentric therewith but smaller, and a nozzle having a squared upper portion of a size to pass through the square opening in the shell and of a. length corresponding with the distance between said shell and block, and a .round lower portion whose diameter equals the smallest diameter of the opening through the shell.

3. A ladle comprising a shell with a lirebrick lining, the latter having through it a round outlet opening and the shell having through it a-square opening concentric with that in the lining and whose longest diameter equals the diameter of said round opening; combined with a block over` the inner end of the opening through said brick and having through it an ening concentric therewith but smaller, agg a nozzle having a squared u per portion of a size to pass through sai square opening in the shell and of a length equal to the distance between the contiguous faces of said block and shell, and a reduced lower portion projecting through said shell when the square portion is in place.

4. A ladle comprising a shell with a firebrick lining, the latter having throu h it a round outlet opening and the shell a-ving through it a square opening concentric with that in the lining and whose longest diameter equa-ls the diameter of said round opening; combined with a block over the inner end of the opening through said brick and having through it an opening concentric therewith but smaller, the upper face of the block converging from its periphery to the edges of its opening, and a nozzle having a squared upper portion of a size to pass through sald square opening in the shell and of a length equal to the distance between the contiguous facesof said block and shell, the nozzle having a bore throughout its length enlarged at its upper end to a size corresponding with that of the opening through said block.

5. The combination with a ladle having a round outlet openingthrough its wall recessed at its innerend, a block seated in said recess and having through it an opening concentric with but smaller than that in said wall, and a shellsurrounding said wall and having vthrough it an opening concentric with but smaller than that through said Wall; of a nozzle whose upper end is of a size and shape to be passedV through the opening in the shell and to be turned within the opening in said wall when its inner end contacts with the block, and means for holding said nozzle in place while it is being packed.

6. The combination with a ladle having a round outlet openin throu h its wall recessed at its inner en a bloc sea-ted in said recess and having through it an opening concentric with but smaller than that in said wall, and a shellsurrounding said wall and having through it an opening concentric with but smaller than that through said wall; of a. nozzle whose upper end is of a size and shape to be passed through the opening in the shell and to be turned within the opening in said wall when its inner end contacts with the block; a retaining device consisting of an eye-bolt whose shank passes through the bore of the nozzle and' a Washer and nuiflapplied` to the lower end of' sad'bolt against the outer end aof the nozzle.

7,;The combination with -a ladle' having an outlet passage through its wall which is' ro-und throughout mostof its len'g'thLre duced and rounded at its inner end, and re-` duced andV angularv atts outer. end; of a nozzle having anangularhead adapted to.

pass lthrough the angular o ening in the 4outer end of said passa-ge an 'to' be rotated W1th1n the round portion thereof.

8. fThe' combination with a ladle having.

an outlet passage through its .Wa-ll which is round. throughout' most ofI its length, re-

duced-and round at its inner end, and reduoedandangularat its' outer-end; of anozzle having an angular head adapted to.

passi` through the 'angular yopeningin the [outer end of said passage and'tobe rotated Within -theround portiontj,l 1ereof,` and a re'- duced and round lowerend adapted to project through fsaid [angular openingwhen lsad' head s in'place, and a retainngplate detachably secured-tothe outer' faceof said' Wall and having `anopening closely sui'- 'rounding the protruding endnofthe nozzle.,

'In testimony whereof I have hereunto` set my hand in' presence of two subscribing 

